الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out in four broiler farms in New-Valley Governorate during the period between (May 2018 and April 2019) in the summer and winter seasons. The present study was designed to evaluate the microbiological contamination in poultry environment. as well as the efficiency of some commercial disinfectants on the isolated bacteria was evaluated.
1- A total of 160 samples were including air, litter, manure and drinking water collected for microbiological examination.
a- The overall mean of total bacterial and fungal count in air of broiler farms were 3.30×106 C.F.U./L and 1.94×104 C.F.U./L, respectively. Moreover, the study revealed the isolation of different species of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms from air samples inside broiler farms as the following: Staphylococcus aureus (12%); Staphylococcus epidermidis (16%); Streptococcus faecalis (8.80%); Salmonella species (0.80%); E. coli (6.40%); Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.80%); Klebsiella aerogenes (4.80%); Klebsiella ozaenae (2.40%); Proteus vulgaris (6.40%); Proteus morgani (4%); Proteus rettegri (8%); Proteus mirabilis (10.40%); Serratia species (4.80%); Shigella flexneri (0%); Enterobacter liquefaeciens (4%) and Enterobacter cloacae (2.40%).
b- The overall mean of total bacterial and fungal count in litter of broiler farms were 7.37×109 C.F.U./gm and 2.07×107 C.F.U./gm, respectively. While the overall mean of total bacterial and fungal count in manure of broiler farms were 3.68×109 C.F.U./gm and 8.55×107 C.F.U./gm, respectively. Moreover, the study revealed the isolation of different species of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms from litter and manure samples inside broiler farms as the following: Staphylococcus aureus (4.17%); Staphylococcus epidermidis (7.81%); Streptococcus faecalis (17.19%); Salmonella species (9.38%); E. coli (14.58%); Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.65%); Klebsiella aerogenes (0.52%); Klebsiella ozaenae (3.13%); Proteus vulgaris (2.08%); Proteus morgani (3.13%); Proteus rettegri (3.65%); Proteus mirabilis (8.33%); Serratia species (2.60%); Shigella flexneri (6.77%); Enterobacter liquefaeciens (6.25%) and Enterobacter cloacae (6.77%).
c-The overall mean of total bacterial and fungal count in drinking water of broiler farms were 4.01×105 C.F.U./ml and 1.04×105 C.F.U./ml, respectively. Moreover, the study revealed the isolation of different species of pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms from drinking water samples inside broiler farms as the following: Staphylococcus aureus (4.38%); Staphylococcus epidermidis (15.33%); Streptococcus faecalis (10.22%); Salmonella species (2.92%); E. coli (9.49%); Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.65%); Klebsiella ozaenae (2.19%); Proteus vulgaris (6.57%); Proteus morgani (2.19%); Proteus rettegri (7.30%); Proteus mirabilis (8.03%); Serratia species (9.49%); Shigella flexneri (2.19%); Enterobacter hofniae (10.22%); Enterobacter liquefaeciens (3.65%) and Enterobacter cloacae (2.19%).
2- Evaluation of the efficiency of the most common commercial disinfectants in Vitro:
This study was conducted to compare the efficiency of three commercially available disinfectants (Virkon S, T.H5 and Np50) against 3 bacterial isolates from New-valley broiler farms (Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli and Staph. aureus) in vitro. The evaluation was conducted at three consequent contact times 5, 15, 30 min. All tested disinfectants were diluted with sterile distilled water and applied at three different concentrations. The concentrations used were the manufacturer’s instruction beside a higher and lower one. At the recommended concentration by the manufacturer, the most powerful disinfectant against all tested organisms was TH5 followed by Virkon S. On the other hand, NP50 was the weakest disinfectant.
At 5 minutes, the reduction log showed by TH5 on S. typhimurium, E. coli, and S. aureus were, 3.6, 2.55, 3.54, respectively. Moreover, the reduction log for Virkon-S were 3.02, 2.21, and 3.37 on S. typhimurium, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively. On the other hand, the reduction log induced by NP50 were,1.76, 1.91, 3.37 on S. typhimurium, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively.
At 15 minutes, the reduction log showed by TH5 on S. typhimurium, E. coli, and S. aureus were, 4.97, 3.59, 4.11, respectively. Moreover, the reduction log for Virkon-S were 4.97, 3.31, and 5.19 on S. typhimurium, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively. On the other hand, the reduction log induced by NP50 were,2.82, 1.82, 4.27 on S. typhimurium, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively.
After 30 minutes, no growth was observed for S. aureus with 100% inhibition for TH5 while the reduction log for S. typhimurium, E. coli were, 7.32 and 7.16, respectively. Concerning Virkon-S the reduction log was, 6.5, 4.67 for S. typhimurium, E. coli, respectively while, S. aureus were completely inhibited with 100% inhibition. On the other hand, the reduction log induced by NP50 after 30 minutes