الفهرس 
الباب الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The world is currently witnessing a continuous transformation movement regarding the centrally directed economy, which is under the direct guidance of the state, which in turn directs economic decisions to free economic systems, which are based on market trends and factors of supply and demand, which control the efficiency of projects and consider profit as essential in directing resources. Economic. Investment in securities (stocks or bonds) is considered a relatively recent field in the Arab region, and its importance increased in the second half of the twentieth century after the economic exploitation of oil in many countries. Even for non-oil countries, they have benefited from the loans and aid provided by the bodies. International, and from transfers of labor that worked abroad. The importance of this type of investment is due to the desire of securities issuers to obtain the highest price for their securities, by listing them on local and foreign stock exchanges, especially with regard to bonds of large value issued by governments and giant companies. These papers also lead to the circulation of the money they represent, and thus contribute to the revival of commercial exchange. Therefore, financial markets in Arab countries are the main engine of economic growth, as financial markets play an essential role in the structure of the financing system, because of the development and encouragement of savings among individuals for the purpose of financing institutions and companies in various economic sectors. The financial market is the market that collects and concentrates the supply and demand of funds for the long term, and this is what distinguishes it from the money market that deals with short-term credit. The financial market is distinguished by the fact that it deals in so-called securities, whether they are government securities or securities of private projects, unlike the money market, which deals mainly in so-called commercial papers. The issue of dealing in the stock exchange has become a concern for many of those who work in it, whether they are workers or dealers in it, or researchers in its various aspects from a legal standpoint. Interest in the stock exchange has grown after it occupied a vital position in modern economic systems that depend primarily on The public and private sectors, as it is one of the economic institutions based on collecting savings to finance the country’s economic development strategies, in which money is transferred from saving individuals and companies to investing companies through financial instruments, the most important of which are stocks and bonds. Thus, financial markets play an influential role in accelerating economic development and increasing effective productive investment, especially if they have the appropriate climate in countries that rely primarily on the private sector to carry out various economic activities, and thus they have become one of the most important mirrors that reflect the state of the economic and political systems in any country. A financial market is a type of market in which traders, companies and governments trade different categories of assets such as commodities, currencies and stocks. The legal forms of financial markets also vary, as they are either in the form of a public institution or a public joint-stock company, and for Arab countries, the first form is predominant. The financial market is not one homogeneous market, but rather distinct markets, each of which specializes in a specific type of financial exchange, and each of which has its own institutions, even if they are sometimes overlapping. Among these markets is what is known as the securities market, which may be called the stock market, which is the market that organizes the purchase and sale of securities, such as stocks and bonds, by following the factors controlled and linked to the nature of supply and demand within the financial market. The stock market is also known as the market that relies on the application of investment in securities, such as buying and selling shares issued by private companies