الفهرس 
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global health problem that commonly occurs in elderly people, especially postmenopausal women. Unfortunately, the current strategies for osteoporosis treatment are frequently hampered by severe side effects, especially after long-term use. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the potentially effective impact of extra virgin olive oil on postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment based on an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. In this study, 24 female Wistar rats were used; they were divided into four equal groups: i) control group, ii) group of normal rats orally supplemented with olive-oil, iii) OVX-group and iv) OVX rats orally supplemented with olive-oil. At the end of the experimental period, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by DEXA scan. Additionally, serum and bone level of different parameters were assessed. Our results revealed that olive-oil administration had a beneficial therapeutic effect in osteoporosis treatment, and there was a significant amelioration in different estimated parameters. This was demonstrated by preventing the changes in both bone remodeling and BMD. In addition to improving the hormonal changes, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, and inflammatory cytokines abnormal levels associated with OVX-induced osteoporosis, Further, olive oil treatment showed a marked improvement in the histological architecture, including improvement of the cancellous and cortical bone appearance with less widened bone marrow spaces, and the endosteal surface appeared smooth and lined with osteoblast cells as compared to those of the OVX-rats. It is concluded that olive-oil effectively mitigates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats and is a promising candidate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis without adverse side effects.