الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Periodontitis is a long-term, multifactorial inflammatory condition
that is triggered by bacterial germs and interacts with the host’s immune
system. It is characterised by the progressive breakdown of the toothsupporting structures. Periodontal disease severity is influenced by host
and environmental risk factors, both changeable and immutable.
Around the world, a sizable portion of the population is plagued by
periodontal diseases. Periodontal diseases are prevalent in the Arabic
Republic of Egypt; gingivitis was the most common kind (39.6%),
followed by periodontitis stage I (38%) and stages II (20.4%), stage III
(1.6%), and stage IV (1.6%). (0.4 %).
Periodontal regeneration necessitates the formation and attachment of
collagen fibres to an instrumented root surface. PDL tissue engineering
involves difficulties. First, the placement options for commercially
available constructs are constrained by the extremely small PDL space,
which measures between 150 and 400 micrometres from the alveolar bone
to the tooth. The second difficulty lies in specifically attaching a soft tissue
between two mineralized surfaces.
Creating an environment where functional cells can develop and
generate functionally orientated periodontal fibres between newly formed
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Summary
cementum (cementogenesis) and alveolar bone is the aim of periodontal
tissue engineering (osteogenesis).
The use of growth factors, particularly bone morphogenetic proteins,
is one of the most promising methods for periodontal regeneration (BMPs).
The transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily of proteins contains a
set of structurally related proteins known as BMPs. These proteins have a
wide range of roles in both embryonic and adult organisms. Even though
BMP is a growth factor, it stands out since it is the only known morphogen
capable of converting connective tissue cells into osteoprogenitor cells.
Healthy five mongrel dogs aged 18-24 months were used for the
study. The animals exhibited intact dentition with a healthy periodontium.
Intrasulcular incision and full mucoperiosteal flap were elevated at the
second and third premolars bilaterally. Then, a critical class III (Glickman’s
classification) furcation defect was created, 2mm wide – 5mm height and
8mm depth using rotating burs, round and fissure using saline as a coolant.
The bone defects (ten defects for each group) were assigned to one of the
following groups: (group 1) control with the surgical defect only. (group
2) surgical defect implanted with hydrogel only (CS/β-GP). (group 3)
surgical defect implanted with CS/BMP-7 (50ng/ml). (group 4) surgical
defect implanted with CS/BMP-7 (100ng/ml). After that, the flap is
adapted and sutured using resorbable interrupted sutures. The dogs were
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Summary
put to death with a lethal dose of thiopental sodium eight weeks following
the procedure.
Histomorphometric examination in defects filled with CS/BMP-7
(100 ng/ml), revealed a statistically significant difference in bone, PDL,
and cementum regeneration. In the absence of inflammation or hydrogel
encapsulation, H&E analysis of defects filled with CS/BMP-7 (100 ng/ml)
demonstrated bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament regeneration over
the root surface from the notch to the fornix. Periodontal ligament fibres
with normal orientation could be seen along the root surface from the notch
to the fornix when stained with Masson’s trichrome.
According to the study, we can conclude that the ideal effective dose
for BMP-7 use in periodontal regeneration is 100 ng/ml, and histological
analysis of BMP-7 reveals no indications of ankylosis.