الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
With the advances in science, there have been many treatment options for
tooth extraction and immediate implant replacement, which have proven successful.
And with the development of biomechanical concepts, an extraction tool called the
physical forceps was developed, which relies on the extraction of teeth on physical
laws, especially the first law of levers, forces, and vital properties of bones and teeth.
This forceps consists of two arms, one of which is connected to what is called
(the bumber), which acts as a fulcrum during the extraction process and is placed on
the gum covering the alveolar bones in the front the tooth to be extracted, and the
other arm is the head of the forceps (the beak) and is placed on the tooth in question,
specifically in the gingival groove from the side of the tongue in the lower jaw or the
roof of the mouth in the upper jaw, and by applying a simple circular force in the
presence of the fulcrum, and with the passage of time, the maxillary bone
surrounding the tooth expands, and this is one of its characteristics, and the extraction
process takes place.
Immediate implants are one of the most recent methods to compensate for
teeth, and the success of immediate implants is measured by the amount of bone
osseointegration occurring around them, as the chance of fusion increases whenever
the inflammation and damage in the implant area after extraction is less.
This study aims to evaluate the osseointegration around immediate implants
after extraction with physical forceps and compare the outcome results with
osseointegration around immediate implants after extraction with convintional
forceps.
Summary
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The study includes sixteen cases with diseased teeth in the upper jaw of the
premolars and anterior teeth that are not repairable and they do not have any diseases
that interfere with performing the surgery. The cases were divided into two groups,
each group consisting of eight cases, one of which is extracted using the physical
forceps and the other with the convintional forceps.
A clinical and radiological study was conducted before and immediately after
the surgery and follow up after six month, the evaluation of bone formation was done
by digital radiological images, using the (OnDemand 3D) computer program. The
degree of stability of the dental implants was also measured immediately after the
operation and after 6 month.
The results of the study showed the superiority of the physical forceps in
increasing the stability and bone density around the implant compared to the regular
forceps.