الفهرس 
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Abstract
Objective:
Arthritis is a painful disease characterized by chronic inflammation and progression,
affecting synovial joints and ultimately leading to joint destruction, including joint
disability and deformity. The current study aimed to indicate the anti-arthritic effect
of flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) and graviola (Annona muricata) leaf extract on
formaldehyde-induced arthritis in rats.
Methods:
Sixty male albino rats were used in the current study. They were divided into 6
groups; group I: Normal control received 0.9% saline (0.5 ml/kg b.wt, orally) for 2 weeks,
group II: Injected with FO at a dose of 3.0 ml/kg b.wt by i.p route for 2 weeks, Group
III: Received GrLE at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt orally for 2 weeks, group IV:
Arthritic control group which induced to arthritis by sub planter injection of 0.1 ml
formaldehyde (2% v/v) solution through the left hind paw on day 1 and day 3 of the
experiment, group V: Arthritic rats treated with FO for 2 weeks, group VI: Arthritic
rats treated with GrLE for 2 weeks. The following parameters were measured; body
weight, paw diameter, hematological parameters, serum biochemical parameters
(ALT, AST, creatinine, uric acid, TC , TP, albumin, globulin and A/G ratio), also,
inflammatory and arthritic markers (ESR, serum CRP, RF and ACCP), as well as,
serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and TNF-r1), serum antioxidants and lipid
peroxidation markers (CAT, SOD, MDA, NO, iNOS, AOPP and TBARS) were
determined. Histopathological examination was performed on the paw, liver and
kidney tissues.
Results:
The results showed that FO and GrLE significantly ameliorated the body weight
changes, paw diameter, hematological parameters, biochemical damage markers,
inflammatory and arthritic markers, cytokines, antioxidants and lipid perioxidation
markers that were deteriorated by formaldehyde-induced arthritis. Also, the
histopathological examination showed significant improvement in paw, liver and
kidney tissues.