الفهرس 
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Abstract
Increasing body weight in childhood and adolescence have dramatically increased over the past few years in both developed and developing countries. At least 300 million adults are obese and a billion are overweight. Overweight and obese children less than 5 years may be reach to 43 million all over the world.
The prevalence of an overweight and obesity states; which are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the world; has increased to pandemic proportions among children and adolescents. Overweight and obese children are at risk of insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances as well. This puts them at higher risk for many disease processeslater in life, and possibly even at higher risk of premature death. However, many of the metabolic effects of obesity can manifest during the childhood years. In Egypt, the prevalence of overweight is 16% in the general population, 13% in a sample of adolescent girls. And 8.6% in children < 5 years of age.
Childhood obesity has been shown to be having negative effects on health, such as hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance, and