الفهرس 
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Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by the loss
of epidermal melanocytes and/or their function. It is a relatively common
disorder, with a prevalence rate of 0.2–1.8%. Although the exact etiology of
vitiligo remains elusive, autoimmunity is believed to play an important role
in disease pathogenesis, as vitiligo is often associated with autoimmune
diseases.
Noncoding Ribonucleic Acid (RNAs), including lncRNA, miRNA
and circular RNA , play an important role in the regulation of gene
expression. Studies of noncoding RNA in the etiology of vitiligo have
focused primarily on miRNAs.
MicroRNAs are evolutionarily conserved non-coding RNA molecules
(22 nucleotides long, single-stranded) which regulate gene expression
through imperfect base coupling with complementary sequences in their
target mRNA, causing its translational suppression or degradation. There are
elatively few data reported on the epigenetics of vitiligo, and in particular on
the role of miRNAs
MiRNAs are a class of noncoding single-stranded RNA with a length
of approximately 20–24 nucleotides. During miRNA processing in the
nucleus, pri-miRNAs are first synthesized by RNA polymerase and then
modified into pre-miRNAs. Pre-miRNAs are transported out of the nucleus.
Studies have shown that approximately 60% of human encoded MiR-21-5p
can be considered an important regulator of the melanogenetic process.
MiRNAs are short single-stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate
degradation and expression of mRNA and play a wide range of key roles in
different biological processes. They mediate different stages of melanocyte
differentiation, growth, and apoptosis through a variety of pathways and can mediate melanin production by targeting key enzymes protein genes are
regulated by miRNAs.
The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Micro
RNA-21-5p could serve as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in vitiligo. This
involved assessing the relative expression levels of Micro RNA-21-5p
among individuals with vitiligo compared to a healthy control group .
This study was carried out on 25 patients presented with different
clinical varieties of vitiligo and 25 age and sex matched apparently healthy
individuals as a control group, Blood samples were collected, and the
expression levels of Micro RNA-21-5p were measured using quantitative
Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).