الفهرس 
Copper IUDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Toxicity from high levels of copper caused by an IUD is considered extremely rare, though there are reported cases. For women who have pre-existing conditions that affect the liver’s ability to process minerals like copper, the likelihood of copper toxicity from an IUD is slightly increased.
Objective: Evaluation of the association between elevated blood Cu level and Cu complications and toxicity in Copper T380A IUD users.
Patients and Methods: A total of 159 women using Copper T380A IUD as a method of contraception were enrolled and subdivided into 3 equal groups; group A included women using Copper T380A IUD ≥ 1 year; group B included women using Copper T380A IUD < 1year and group C “non-users” “control group” included women not using Copper T380A IUD as a method of contraception, with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. All cases were asked about symptoms of Cu toxicity using case report form and questionnaire as gastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blue- or green-colored stool, dark, sticky stool containing blood, headache, dizziness, fatigue, fever or chills, aching muscles. extreme thirst, tachycardia or abnormally fast heart rate, changes in taste that could led to decreased appetite or anorexia, sudden changes in mood, symptoms of depression or anxiety, feeling irritable or overexcited, difficulty focusing, kidney failure, heart failure, loss of red blood cells, liver failure or brain damage. Incidence and prevalence of Cu toxicity symptoms were evaluated and cutoff point of serum copper level in µg per deciliter and its correlation with Cu toxicity was assessed.
Results: No differences were noted between study groups regarding serum Cu level 108.46 ± 22.93 vs. 104.13 ± 22.44 vs. 109.15 ± 22.66 µg/dl and symptoms of Cu toxicity except fatigue and tachycardia that were more frequent among control group with no significant clinical value. Also, no differences were noted between study groups regarding maternal age and BMI.
Conclusion: There is no association between elevated blood Cu level and Cu complications and toxicity in Copper T380A IUD users. Copper T380A IUD is advised to be used safely without any fear of Cu toxicity.