الفهرس 
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Abstract
Orphan children in Egypt face maltreatment and inadequate caregiving. Also, caregivers are unprepared and lack training for their role. This impact extends into both short and long-term consequences, making orphans more susceptible to psychosocial problems. Caregivers need to have skills and techniques that foster attachment and healthy development in the children in their care. Therefore, orphans‟ caregivers must have social skills that are essential for improving their relationships with orphans and providing proper care that enhances outcomes in children’s psychosocial growth and development.Purpose of the study:The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between social skills of caregivers and psychosocial problems among orphans at orphanages.Research Question:-What are the social skills of caregivers?-What are the psycho-social problems among orphans?-What is the relationship between social skills of caregivers and psycho-social problems among orphans?Research Design:Descriptive corelational design was utilized to achieve the purpose of the study.Research setting:This study was conducted in five orphan care centers located in Shebin-ElKom, Menoufia Governorate: Girls Education Foundation, Boys Education Foundation, AL-Anwar AL-Mohamediaya, Education Foundation for Boys, and Dar AL-Hasan WAL-Subjects:A consecutive sample of caregivers (36) who provide care for orphans (aged 6-18 years) for a period at least 6 months and (85) orphans from above mentioned settings.Instruments of data collection:Three instruments were used for data collection.
Instrument (1) Social characteristics Structural interview questionnaire The questionnaire was developed by the researcher after reviewing the related literature. It consists of four parts: Part (1): Orphaned children socio-demographic data,Part (2): Child’s history in institution, Part (3): Socio-demographic data of Orphan‟steachers, Part (4): Caregiver socio-demographic data.Instrument (2) Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) teacher version This instrument was developed by Goodman (1997). It was utilized to assess emotional and behavioral problems. This tool was translated into Arabic language by the
researcher.Instrument (3) Social Skills Inventory:The Social Skills Inventory (SSI) was developed by Riggio et al., (1989) and translated into Arabic by Samadoni (1991). It was used to assess basic social skills that underlie social competence.The main findings of the study revealed the following:• The mean age of studied caregivers was (51.3 ± 2.5) years.• About (52.8%) of studied caregivers were males.• About (88.9%) of the studied caregivers had moderate level of social skills while only 11.1% had low level of social skills.• About (76.5%) of studied orphans were aged ≥ 11 years with mean age of (11.3 ± 1.5years).• More than two thirds (77.6%) of studied orphans were males.• Approximately (77.6 %) of studied orphans their aged less than five years at the time of admission.• The majority of studied orphans (94.1%) were anonymous.• Nearly two thirds of the studied orphans (60%) had abnormal level of conduct problems.• About one quarter (23.5%) of the studied orphans had abnormal level of peer problems and 25.9% of them had abnormal level of prosocial problems.• The highest percentage of studied orphans had abnormal level of psycho-social problems (89.4%). While 8.2%-2.4% had borderline and normal level of psychosocial problems respectively.• There was no statistically significant association between socio-demographic characteristics and social skill levels.• There were highly statistically significant differences between the orphan‟s age, educational level, and psychosocial problems levels at (p <0.0001, <0.003) respectively.• There was a negative significant correlation between total caregivers’ social skills and total psychosocial problems of orphans.Based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that:There was a negative significant correlation between total caregiver’s social skills and total psychosocial problems among orphans.Based on the findings of the present study, the following recommendations are suggested:1. Regular screening for psychological and behavioral problems among orphan children should be incorporated into routine health care provided to orphans for early detection and early management.2. Enrolling orphanage teachers and caregivers in training courses in behavior modification and social skills training3. Periodically service-training programs should be established for caregivers at each institution or orphanage home to improve their well-being, confidence, and competence.4. Providing training courses for psychologists and providing them with the necessary skills and tools to provide better psychological and educational support and guidance to students and children.In further research:1. Replication of the study using a larger sample in different correlational settings to generalize the results.2. Future research is recommended to assess other caregiver qualifications and psychological problems that may impede proper care for orphans, and contribute to psychosocial problems.