الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a debilitating multisystem autoimmune disease, occurring most frequently in women during productive period of life. It is characterized by widespread affections of different body organs in a progressive pattern with recurrent exacerbating attacks. Multiple factors are reported to have a role in development of SLE as immunoregulatory, genetics, hormonal and environmental factors which interact to trigger immune responses resulting in the excessive production of pathogenic autoantibodies and cytokines leading to tissue and organ damage. Gal-9, which is tandem repeat type of galectins, is a novel and easy surrogate biomarker to measure type l IFN signatures and could aid in clinical decision in SLE patients and reflect the disease activity. The aim of the study is to estimate the serum levels of Gal-9 in patients with SLE and its correlation to disease activity. This study was carried at clinical pathology department in Tanta University. It included 50 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (25 patients with active SLE and 25 with non-active SLE) who attended to Rheumatology, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Department in Tanta University Hospital and fulfilled the 2019 EULAR/ACR SLE Classification Criteria and 25 healthy control individuals.