الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
This investigation was carried out at private farm and tissue culture lab of the Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat city University, Sadat city, Egypt, during the period from 2011 to 214. Seven tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes, i.e., Fruhe lieba, Budai torpe, Imune, chrestensen edeirot, Kanadische zwergtomate(Mendel), IC 6504 p1, and Fakel. were used to establish the experimental materials for this investigation. The seeds of the seven parents and all possible 21 hybrids were sown in 2013 under two different nitrogen fertilizer levels. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD), with three replicates. The experimental plot consisted of three rows, five meters long with one meter wide and 50 cm within row. Data were recorded on an individual plant basis for the parents and their F1 hybrids. At maturity, ten plants were taken at random for subsequent measurements as following: Plant height (cm), number of all branches per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of leaves between cluster, number of flower per cluster, number of nodes to first flowering, Plant height to first flower, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shape index, fruit weigh (gm), fruit size (cm3), total soluble solids (T.S.S), number of fruits per plant, early yield and total yield per plant (kg).
Tissue culture (I) One media protocol with three replicates for each genotype was used in this study. The culture medium contained the inorganic salt of Murashige and Skoog (MS 1962), supplemented with (1.5 mg/L) 2, 4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), 30 g/L sucrose and 7 g/L agar The media were adjusted to pH 5.8 and autoclaved for 20 min. at 1.5 psi, 121ºC.and their evaluated callus percent, callus fresh and dry weights (II) Parent’s seeds culture on MS supplement with different concentrations of salt (NaCl) to examine the responses of seven tomato genotypes in regenerated plants to NaCl stress.(III) seeds of the parent that superior in germination on salt stress were inoculated on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium. Shoot tip and cotyledonary nodes from 10 - 12 day-old in vitro raised seedlings were excised under aseptic conditions; these explants were cultured on media pre-autoclaved MS basal medium supplemented with different concentration from BA and NAA.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
I- Vegetative traits
1-The mean squares of nitrogen fertilizer levels were detected to be highly significant for all vegetative traits studied i.e., Plant height (cm), number of all branches per plant, number of cluster per plant, number of leaves between cluster, number of flower per cluster, number of nodes to first flowering, plant height to first flower.
2-The mean squares of genotypes, parents, and the resultant Hybrids mean squares were found to be highly significant for all vegetative traits studied under stress, normal nitrogen fertilizers levels and their combined data.
3- The mean squares of parent. vs Hybrids were found to be highly significant for all vegetative traits studied under stress, normal nitrogen fertilizers levels and their combined data, except number of flower per cluster.
4-The interactions of genotypes, parents, hybrids and parent vs. hybrids with the two nitrogen fertilizer levels were detected to be highly significant for all vegetative traits studied.
5-Both GCA and SCA variances were found to be highly significant for all vegetative traits studied under stress, normal nitrogen fertilizer levels and their combined data.
6-The interactions of nitrogen fertilizer levels with both types of combining ability were found to be highly significant for all vegetative traits under investigation.
7-The parent P4 give the highest desirable value of performance for number of leaves between clusters, number of flower per cluster, number of nodes to first flower, plant height to first flower. On the other hand, the hybrids appeared differed their behavior according the studies traits.
8- The parent P3 could be considered as agood combiner according results of GCA for some vegetative traits such as, number of leaves between clusters, number of flowers per cluster, number of nodes to first flower, plant height to first flower. On the other hand, the P1 x P6 give the highest desirable value of SCA for plant hight, number of branches per plant and number of clusters per plant.
9- The hybrids differed their heterosis percentage for defferent types of the studies traits. What ever, the hybrid P1 x P3 superiority for earliness of flowering.
II. Fruit traits
1-The mean squares of nitrogen fertilizer condition, genotypes, parents and the resultant hybrids were found to be significant for were detected to be highly significant for all fruit traits under investigation i. e., fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit shape index, fruit weight, fruit size (cm3), and total soluble solids (T.S.S).
2- The mean squares of parent. vs hybrids were found to be highly significant only for fruit diameter, fruit weight, and T. S. S under stress, normal nitrogen fertilizers condition and their combined data.
3- The interactions of genotypes, parents and hybrids with the two nitrogen fertilizer conditions were detected to be highly significant for all fruit traits. This would reflect the fact that these populations were inconsistent from one nitrogen fertilizer level to the other.
4- The interaction of parent vs. hybrids with the two nitrogen fertilizer condition was found to be highly significant for all fruit traits except fruit size.
5- Both GCA and SCA variances were found to be highly significant for fruit diameter, fruit weight and T. S. S. under stress, normal nitrogen fertilizer condition and their combined data.
6- The interactions of nitrogen fertilizer condition with both types of combining ability were found to be highly significant for all fruit traits under investigation.
7- The parent P6 give the highest value of performance for the fruit diameter, fruit weight and fruit size. On the other hand, the hybrid P5 x P6 superurity for fruit weight and fruit size.
8- The parent P6 reflected the highest value for some fruit traits such as fruit lengh, fruit diameter, fruit weight and fruit size for GCA effects, revealed that P6 could be considered a agood combiner. Also, the hybrid P5 x P7 was good combination for SCA.
9- The hybrid P4 x P7 give the highest value of heterosis percentage for most fruit traits, such as fruit lengh, fruit diameter, fruit weight and fruit size. Also, this hybrid gives highly significant under three condition for SCA and heterosis to the same traits.
III. Yield and its components traits
1- The mean squares of nitrogen fertilizer levels were detected to be highly significant for number of fruits per plant, early yield and total yield under stress, normal nitrogen fertilizer conditions and their combined data.
2- The mean squares of genotypes, parents and the resultant hybrids were found to be significant for all yield and its components traits.
3- The mean squares estimates of Parent vs. hybrids, as an indication to average heterosis overall hybrids, were found to be highly significant for number of fruits per plant and total yield under stress, normal nitrogen fertilizers conditions and their combined data.
4- The interactions of genotypes, parents, hybrids and Parent vs. hybrids with the two nitrogen fertilizer levels were detected to be highly significant for number of fruits per plant, early yield and total yield.
5- Both general and specific combining ability variances were found to be significant for yield and its component traits under stress, normal nitrogen fertilizer condition and their combined data.
6- The GCA/ SCA ratios were found to be greater than unity for all traits, indicating that additive and additive x additive types of gene action were most importance in the inheritance of all traits studies vegetative, fruits and yield.
7- The parent P1give the highest value of performance for early yield and total yield traits. Also, some hybrids which contained P1 showed excellence for yield and its components traits.
8- The parent P1 reflected the highest value for early yield and total yield for GCA effects, revealed that P1 could be considered as agood combiner. Also, the hybrid P3 x P5 was good combinations for SCA to number of fruits per plant and total yield.
9- The hybrid P3 x P5 reflected the highest vaule heterosis percentage for total yield which was 73.37 %.
IV. Tissue culture traits
1- Genotypes, parents and resultant hybrids mean squares were found to be highly significant for callus induction, callus fresh weight and callus dry weight.
2- Parents vs. hybrids mean square estimates were found to be highly significant for callus induction and callus dry weight.
3- Both general and specific combining ability variances were found to be highly significant for in vitro studied traits.
4- The GCA/ SCA ratios were found to be lower than unity for callus fresh and dry weight, indicating that non-additive type of gene action was greater importance in the inheritance of this study.
5- One line only P2 showed germination on treatment No. 6, 7 and 8 with ratio 26.00, 20.67 and 14.6 % respectively.
6- Using medium supplemented with 0.0 BA + 0.1 NAA was the best