الفهرس 
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Abstract
The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial
effect of 13% Ethanolic grape seeds extract versus 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite
solutions by passive ultrasonic irrigation and conventional syringe irrigation
technique microbiologically by counting of E. faecalis& S. mutans in primary
mandibular first molars
• . Material and methods:
Sixty lower primary first molars were selected for this study and collected from
Outpatient Dental Clinic, Pediatric Dental Department Faculty of Dentistry Suez
Canal University. Each molar was sectioned at the furcation area into two separate
mesial and distal roots, only distal canals were included in this study. The selected
sixty distal roots were divided randomly into two groups according to infected
bacteria as follows:
group (I): 30 distal roots infected with E.facials ,and it sub- divided into 5
subgroups according to irrigation techniques and types of irrigants .
-Subgroup IA (6 roots): (Negative control)will be infected with E. faecalis no
irrigation
-Subgroup IB (6roots): (positive control group ). Conventional Syringe irrigation
technique with 5.25%(NaOCl) solution.
-Subgroup IC (6 roots): Conventional Syringe irrigation technique with13%
Ethanolic (GSE) solution.
-Subgroup ID(6roots) : Passive ultrasonic irrigation with 5.25%(NaOCl)
solution.
-Subgroup IE(6 roots): Passive ultrasonic irrigation with 13% Ethanolic(GSE)
Solution.
Summary
85
group (II): 30 distal roots infected with S.mutans ,and it will be sub-divided
into 5 subgroups according to irrigation technique and types of irrigants .
-Subgroup IIA (6 roots): (Negative control)will be infected with S.mutans no
irrigation
-Subgroup IIB (6roots): (positive control group ) Conventional Syringe irrigation
technique with 5.25%(NaOCl) solution . .
-Subgroup IIC (6 roots): Conventional Syringe irrigation technique with13%
Ethanolic (GSE ) solution.
-Subgroup IID(6roots) : Passive ultrasonic irrigation with 5.25% (NaOCl)
solution.
-Subgroup IIE(6 roots): Passive ultrasonic irrigation with 13% Ethanolic (GSE)
solution
• To evaluate the efficiency of irrigation solutions:
- After the appropriate incubation period for the samples after washing, the plates
were examined and growth was observed on the plates. Each plate was divided into
4 equal squares and the number of bacteria for one square was counted and then
multiplied by 4 to estimate the total number of bacterial cells in the plate.
-The number and percentage of positive cultures (turbidity) and the number of
complete platelets for each sample were collected, recorded, and tabulated, and
subjected to statistical analysis.
Summary
86
• Results :
-A 13% GSE solution showed an antibacterial effect against E.facealis and
S.mutans, but to a lesser extent than a 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution.
- Within the limits of the results of this study, it was found that 5.25% sodium
hypochlorite solution is the best in antibacterial effect.
- It was also found that there is no significant difference in the results when using
conventional syringe irrigation or passive ultrasonic irrigation technique