الفهرس 
ذOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 161 |  |  |
| | | from | 161 | | |
Abstract
Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that: 1. Root canal instrumentation and irrigation activation have a major role in bacterial reduction.2. None of the tested irrigation activation techniques completely eliminated the organisms. 3. PUI, ECCR, and ECR have a better bacterial reduction in primary root canal infections than the CNI group. Recommendations: Further, in-vivo studies should be directed toward the evaluation of the clinical signs and symptoms accompanied by microbial reduction before and after chemomechanical preparation with different irrigation protocols and irrigation–-activation. Furthermore, in vitro studies are recommended to evaluate the apical extrusion of debris after using tested irrigation activation techniques.