الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Macrosomia or Large for Gestational Age fetuses are defined as having a birth weight more than the 90th percentile or the 95th percentile or the mean+ 2 standard deviations for a given gestational age. Diabetes mellitus is the most common medical complication of pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents about 90% of these cases and affects 2–5% of all pregnancies. Pre-existing diabetes mellitus complicates 0.2% to 0.3% of pregnancies
There are many metabolic changes that occur in normal pregnancy because of increase in nutrient needs of the fetus and the mother. Many changes are seen during pregnancy like insulin resistance which begins near mid-pregnancy and progresses through the third trimester to the level similar to the insulin resistance which present in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross sectional study conducted among pregnant females between 36w to37w with macrocosmic fetuses attending Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Outpatient Clinic in Suez Canal University Hospitals which aimed to assessing relationship between umbilical vein Doppler and birth weight in diabetic and non-diabetic females ,this study targeted to compare umbilical vein blood flow in diabetic and non-diabetic females with macrosomic fetuses.
All participants were divided into two groups, women with pre gestational diabetesand non diabetic, after agreeing to participate in this study and signing an informed consent, study participants will be asked about their general, medical and obstetric history. Then they will also undergo an US assessment to determine estimated fetal weight by hadlock