الفهرس 
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Abstract
One of the most prevalent risk factors for cardiovascular disease, a leading
global cause of disability and untimely death, is high blood pressure. Once
thought to be a rare disease in children, hypertension or high blood pressure is
now recognized as a significant global public health issue. Hypertension is
linked to an increased risk of target organ damage. As a result, blood pressure
measurement is thought to be a crucial component of the clinical examination.
The Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children in the United States
released several reports on blood pressure levels related to age, height, and
weight from birth to 18 years old in order to establish a standard for blood
pressure in children.
Racial and ethnic groups exhibit differences in the distribution of blood
pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension. Reference standards created
for a specific population might not be applicable to others due to these
variances. Therefore, in order to assess the observed blood pressure values,
local reference data are crucial.
Since height (stature) is a more accurate indicator of body size and
maturation—the two main factors influencing the natural rise in blood pressure
that occurs during childhood—it is a better primary reference metric than age.
Our study’s goals were to determine the blood pressure threshold
percentiles of Egyptian children and adolescents and to compare them with
blood pressure reference from American children.
This study was part of Z- Score of Growth Parameters and Blood Pressure
for Egyptian Children (0–19 Years). We used the previous studies that
conducted in Egypt as the source for all threshold values in this study.
The Menoufia Faculty of Medicine’s local Institutional Review Boards
(IRB) approved the study (190118; Ped), but since no subjects were needed for
the analysis, informed consent was not required because it had already been
obtained.
A subsample chosen from the original main sample, cross-sectional
randomized study from December 2015 to March 2017, was used for the current
investigation. To create a blood pressure to height chart, as advised by the
Fourth Report, only children older than three were included and charts
specifically for boys and girls were made resulting in a final sample size of
45,959 (24,543 boys & 21,416).
A digital balanced scale (Beurer model GS 11, Germany) was used to
measure weight, and a fixed stadiometer from Harpenden was used to measure
height. All measurements of blood pressure were performed using standard
mercury sphygmomanometers (Model 1002/Presameter, Riester, Germany) with
various cuff sizes. Every day, all devices were calibrated.