الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two experiments were conducted1. An incubation experiment was conducted for a month at a temperature of 25°C at the laboratory of the Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Mansoura, Egypt. 2. The pot experiment was conducted for six months during the season of 2020/2021 at the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University., Mansoura, Egypt. The main objectives of this work were: 1. Synthesize and characterization of the suggested CNPs. 2. Evaluate the effect of CNPs on soil organic carbon forms for short and long times. 3. Evaluate the effect of CNPs on soil aggregates, pore sizes and water flow. 4. Determine the effects of CNPs on sugar beet growth. 5. Determine the optimal application rate of the suggested CNPs. Experimental design and treatments An incubation experiment, it was designed in the form of a simple random design. The experimental design was completely randomized design with three replicates. There are three nano-carrier materials: NCS, NPC and NAG, in combination with three concentrations (0, 50 and 75 %) of the fertilizers recommended doses (RD) for the sugar beet plant, additionally to the control as the following: T1: Control (C) T2: Nano-Chitosan (NCS0%)T3: Nano-Chitosan loaded with NPKCa 50% (NCS50%)T4: Nano-Chitosan loaded with NPKCa 75% (NCS75%)T5: Nano-Pectin (NPC0%)T6: Nano-Pectin loaded with NPKCa 50% (NPC50%)T7: Nano-Pectin loaded with NPKCa 75% (NPC75%)T8: Nano-Acacia Gum (NAG0%)T9: Nano-Acacia Gum loaded with NPKCa 50% (NAG50%)T10: Nano-Acacia Gum loaded with NPKCa 75% (NAG75%)A pot experiment was designed in the form of a two-factor randomized design with 3 replications. The first factor: Nano-carrier materials type which includes four types: 1. Control (without any addition) 2. Nano-chitosan (NCS) 3. Nano-Pectin (NPC) 4. Nano-Acacia Gum (NAG) The second factor: Rate of NPKCa calculated from the recommended doses (RD) of sugar beet fertilization which includes three rates:
1. 0% @ RD2. 50% @ RD3. 75% @ RD The study was conducted in saline and non-saline soils with the same texture to evaluate the effect of salts on the suggested nanopolymersThe results obtained from the characterization of nanoparticles can be summarized as follows: The zeta potential of NCS has a positive electrical charge, but that of NPC and NAC has a negative electrical charge. Also, when conducting TEM, it became clear that all compounds with a nano diameter (˃100 nm). The mean diameter of all the CNPs in suspension was decreased with the addition of the different nutrient compounds. The results obtained from the incubation experiment can be summarized as follows: It is clear from the results that NCS (M1C2) is considered the optimal treatment that helped improve the physical properties of the soil by forming stable aggregates > 250 μm under dry conditions in order to increase the total organic carbon and dissolved carbon in the saline and non-saline solution. the soil. It also worked to improve the hydraulic properties of the soil by increasing the pore size and increasing the hydraulic conductivity under salty ground conditions. It also has a high adsorption capacity that helped in absorbing and providing elements in the root spreading area. Nano-pectin (M2C2) treatment helped improve the hydraulic properties of non-saline soil, as it helped increase hydraulic conductivity and increase pore size, but the effect decreased under saline conditions. It also helped improve the physical properties of the soil, as it worked to form stable aggregates > 250 μm under wet conditions. Nano-acacia (M3C2) treatment has a significant effect in reducing soil salinity, as it has significantly helped in reducing the electrical conductivity of saline and non-saline soil. It also helped in the formation of stable aggregates > 250 μm under wet conditions. It also helped increase the pore size, thus improving the soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity. It has a high adsorption capacity that helped retain the elements in the soil. The results obtained from the pot experiment can be summarized as follows: The NCS treatment helped increase the formation of aggregates under water-deficient conditions and had a clear effect on increasing the percentage of TOC and DOC in saline sodic and non-saline soils, respectively. NCS75% and NCS0% helped increase K in both soils and increase pore diameter. NCS also has a positive effect on reducing soil salinity by 32% compared to the control and reducing soil alkalinity in both soils, but at a lower concentration than NAG. NCS also increased AN, AP, and ACa in both soils. 50% NCS treatment helped reduce ESP in saline soil. It also helped increase fresh and dry weight and increase the sugar content of sugar beets. NPC helped increase the formation of macro-aggregates under wet conditions, and also worked to increase the percentage of DOC in saline sodic and non-saline soils Pectin has the greatest effect on increasing pore size in non-saline soil. NPC50% treatment is also considered the best treatment for improving hydraulic conductivity in non-saline soils. It also helps increase the concentration of beneficial elements in the soil and helped reduce ESP. It had a positive effect on sugar beets, as they helped increase the fresh and dry weight and increase the sugar content of the beets. It also did not have a clear effect on salinity and alkalinity. NGA helped increase the formation of aggregate aggregates under saline conditions. It also worked to increase the percentage of TOC in sodium saline and non-saline soils. NAG has the greatest effect in reducing salinity and reducing soil alkalinity in the soil. Its effect also appeared in increasing the concentration of phosphorus and potassium under saline conditions. It also helped It reduces the ESP of non-saline soil. It did not have a clear effect on sugar beets or on water movement.recommendations One of the recommendations presented is to combine these compounds and add them to the soil. Each treatment has a specific effect and role; no treatment combines all impacts. It has been shown that NAG has a clear role in reducing salinity, and NCS has a role in forming macro-aggregates under conditions of water shortage, but NPC works to form macro-aggregates under wet conditions. It was recommended to study these compounds at different levels of pH. It was also recommended to apply these compounds in a field experiment, as this study is considered a controlled study.