الفهرس 
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Abstract
Improvement of Oocyte Maturation by Date Palm Pollen Extract in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rat ModelThis experiment aimed to investigate the role of date palm pollen in improving oocyte maturation in polycystic ovary syndrome in the prepubertal female rat model.6.1. Animals and Experimental Design Twelve adult healthy male and female Wistar albino rats with mean body weight, (135±15g) were obtained from the Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines at Helwan city. The experimental animals were housed in well-ventilated cages and standard environment conditions; they were kept in equal day-night cycles (12 light: 12 dark) at room temperature (25 + 2) °C and 45 % -55 % humidity. The animals were given free access to standard commercial food and water was ad libitum in the Animal House of the Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University. Body weight was measured at the binging and the end of the experimental period. Adult virgin female rats were grouped for mating with adult healthy males (one male for every three females). After delivery and weaning (age of 21 days); the female offspring were used for induction of polycystic ovary syndrome.All care and procedures adopted for the present investigation were following the guidelines of the Bioethics Committee of the Faculty of Science, Mansoura University. The animals were allowed to acclimatize for two weeks before the beginning of the experiment. Forty female prepubertal female rats with normal estrous cycle were weighed and randomly divided into four groups (10 each) as follows: group 1: Prepubertal offspring rats were kept as the control group and received oral doses of saline solution (0.9%). group 2: [at 42 days] prepubertal offspring rats received oral doses of 200/mg/kg/day of DPP extract for 21 consecutive days.group 3: [PCOS model]: Offspring rats received oral doses of 1 mg/kg b.w. of letrozole once/day for 21 days and served as a PCOS-induced group without treatment. group 4: After induction of polycystic ovary to prepubertal offspring rats received oral administration of doses of 200/mg/kg/day of DDP was supplemented orally for another 21 consecutive days.Twenty-four hrs after the last administration, six females of the ten [the age of 62 days] from each group were sacrificed under anesthesia [Ketamine and Xylazine]; the other females [4/group] were kept for mating to check their fertility [two females and one male in cage]. Those females were daily checked for signs of pregnancy. Directly before delivery, each pregnant female was isolated in a separate cage and was sacrificed just before delivery and quickly dissected, to detect the number of live and dead fetuses, rats aborted, and corpora lutea. 6.2. Results of The Present Study Can be Summarized in The Following Points 6.2.1. Serum Parameters Hormones Analysis The results showed a significant decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Progesterone, and Estrogen (E2) levels, while, the significant increase in luteinizing hormone (LH), Testosterone (T), and insulin levels were observed in the group treated with letrozole. On the other hand, DPP ameliorated the previous parameters as it produced a significant increase in FSH, Progesterone, and E2 levels, as well as, a significant decrease in LH, T, and INS levels. Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Analysis PCOS caused a significant decrease in catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels compared to control females. On the contrary, PCOS caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. While administration of DPP produced a significant increase in CAT activity and GSH level. Significant decreases in MDA levels were registered. 6.2.2. Tissue Parameters:Apoptotic markersPCOS caused a significant increase in caspase-3 and annexin V levels. However, DPP produced a significant decrease in caspase-3 and annexin V levels.Histopathological examination A reduced number of cystic ovarian follicles and the thickness of the cortex layer an enlarged number of secondary, Graafian follicles, uterine gland, and the thickness of zona pellucida in addition to the thickness of the layers of the uterus were also seen in the PCOS group + DPP extract compared to the PCOS group. Immunohistochemical investigations PCOS caused a significant increase in TNF-alpha and IL-6, while DPP caused a significant decrease in TNF-alpha and IL-6. n Pregnancy Outcome % of fertility success in the PCOS group showed a highly significant decrease. Post-administration of DPP extract to the polycystic female rats showed a significant increase compared to the PCOS group. Conclusion This study suggested that PCOS is responsible for reduced fertility in prepubertal female rats and may lead to ovarian and uterine tissue deformities as a result of biochemical, flow cytometry, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes. Supplementation of DPP can exert anti-oxidant effects and anti-inflammatory effects on letrozole-induced PCOS in female rats, which was attributed to its strong antioxidant power. DPP administration had favorable effects on hormonal balance, oxidative stress, anti-oxidant biomarkers, lowered inflammation, apoptosis, number of cystic follicles, uterine gland, types of follicles, and thickness of the layers of the uterus and ovary, and ultimately increased fertilization rate in PCOS in the rat model. Although more research is needed to confirm the safety of DPP administration, it is suggested as a possible therapeutic management option for PCOS patients.