الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 131 |  |  |
| | | from | 131 | | |
Abstract
The current investigation was conducted at two sites in Minia governorate. The Faculty of Agriculture in Minia University operates an apiary, as does the apiary in Nazlet Hussien hamlet.The study trials were done over two conceive seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020).There were twenty eight colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica) that had same amounts of stored food (honey and pollen), the same strength (8 wax combs covered by bees), and similar environmental circumstances. The experimental bee colonies engaged in foraging activities were accommodated in Langstroth hives.
The targets of the present study were aimed to:-
1. Impact of temperature and relative humidity on the foraging behavior over the seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020:
2. Estimate the quantity of honey by utilizing the McLellan adjusted equation.
3. Correlation between bee foraging behavior and the accumulation of stored bee pollen:
4. Impact of bee foraging on colony vigor (combs filled with bees):
5. Assessing the impact of bee foraging activity on the area of sealed brood:
5.1. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on foraging activity during seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020:
This investigation was conducted at the apiary of the Faculty of Agriculture at Minia University. In the summer season, the results indicated that the highest average number of foraging workers at 12:00 pm was 41.29 and 33.86 bees per minute. This was observed when the average temperature was 36.91 and 35.61 ºC, and the relative humidity was 19.73 and 23.29%. Specifically, on 1 July, there were 46 bees per minute. Similarly, in the second season on 29 June, there were 48 bees per minute. These findings were consistent across the two seasons, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020.
The lowest average foraging workers were seen around 8:00 am, with temperatures of 27.94 and 26.16 ºC, and relative humidity levels of 41.03 and 58.05% for the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons, respectively. In fall, the largest average number of foraging workers was seen on October 29th and November 3rd, with 53 and 49 bees per minute, respectively. The winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 had the largest average number of foraging workers on March 25th and March 20th, with 28 and 20 bees per minute, respectively. The maximum average foraging rate of workers, at 10:00 am, was observed to be 24.85 and 23.87 bees per minute. This was shown to be correlated with average temperatures of 22.22 and 23.22 ºC, as well as relative humidity levels of 50.75% and 44.76% for two different seasons, respectively.
The regression coefficient for the relationship between foraging workers and temperature was 0.217. This indicates that for every one degree increase in temperature, the number of foraging workers increases by 0.217 bees. The regression coefficient between foraging workers and relative humidity was -0.497, indicating that a one percentage increase in relative humidity led to a DROP of about 0.497 bees in foraging workers. The maximum average foraging rate of workers at 12:00 pm (9.88 and 10.43 bees per minute) was seen when the temperature was around 19.92 and 20.54 ºC, and the relative humidity was approximately 29.7 and 34.99% for two different seasons, respectively.
The data revealed a positive correlation between foraging workers and temperature, and a negative correlation with relative humidity.
5.2.Prediction the amount of honey by applying McLellan modified equation.
This research aimed to discover a simple technique for beekeepers to forecast honey output over the season. The weight of honey bee colonies and vacant hives was measured during the blooming phase of anise and Egyptian clover, which are the primary honey-producing crops in Minia region, throughout the 2019 and 2020 seasons.
H=1458.45+0.498822D+66.2821C+9.00293CD
The data revealed a significant rise in colony weights throughout the anise flowering time, with a 12-day interval, ranging from 10.500 to 14.014 kg in 2019 and from 10.300 to 13.790 kg in 2020. The honey yield per colony in 2019 and 2020 was 2.861 kg and 2.944 kg, respectively. Similar outcomes were seen throughout the blooming stages of Egyptian clover, however the increments in colony weight were more pronounced in both seasons. The weight of Egypt clover honey per colony reached 5.199kg at the conclusion of the flowering seasons in both 2019 and 2020. In 2019, the colony weight went from 11.375kg to 15.048kg, while in 2020, it increased from 11.217kg to 14.648kg per colony.
5.3. Relationship between bee foraging activity and storage bee pollen:
This study sought to assess the correlation between foraging behavior and pollen storage. There were ten honey bee colonies situated at the apiary of the Faculty of Agriculture in the Minia region during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons.The data revealed a direct correlation between the activity of foraging bees and the region where pollen is stored. The highest levels of foraging bee activity and stored pollen area were seen throughout the summer and spring seasons, while the lowest levels were observed during the autumn and winter seasons. The data revealed that throughout the summer season, namely in August and July, the greatest average number of bees engaged in foraging was 53.64 and 37.56, respectively. However, the data indicated that the largest average pollen area was seen in the month of June during the summer season, measuring 128.4 and 131 square inches. The lowest average pollen area observed throughout the winter season was 1.2 and 1.4 square inches.
5.4. Effect of bee foraging activity on colony strength (combs covered with bees):
This research aimed to determine the maximum average number of covered combs. The mean number of combs recorded in July and August of the 2018/2019 season was 6.47. The lowest and highest average covered comb values were recorded at 2.40 in January during the 2018/2019 season.Conversely, the greatest average number of foraging bees (25.73 bees/ min) was seen in July during the 2018/2019 season. However, the lowest average foraging rate of bees (0.33 bees/min) was seen in February during the 2018/2019 season. The largest average number of covered combs, with a mean of 6.53 combs, was reported in July during the 2019/2020 season. The lowest average covered comb count, which was 2.47, was reported in February.In contrast, the largest average number of foraging bees per minute (18.27 bees/min) was seen in July during the 2019/2020 season. However, the lowest average number of foraging bees (0.47 bees/min) was seen in February during the 2019/2020 season.
5.5. Determination the effect of bee foraging activity on sealed brood area:
The data from these studies indicated that the largest average sealed brood area measured 528.6 square inches, while 147.8 square inches were observed on July 17th and August 3rd. The smallest mean sealed brood area was seen on August 22nd and 27th in the summer seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, respectively, measuring 328 and 116 square inches. Conversely, the bees with the greatest average foraging rate were 35.2 and 35.6 bees per minute. The recordings took place on July 5th and July 10th during the summer seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, respectively. The lowest average foraging rates of bees (15.8 and 18.4 bees/min) were observed on August 22nd and August 27th during the summer seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, respectively.
The results indicated that the largest average sealed brood area, measuring 116.8 and 196.8 square inches, was seen on October 26th and 29th. The smallest average size of sealed brood area was seen on the 13th of December in the fall seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, measuring 52.20 and 30.00 square inches, respectively. The greatest average foraging rates of bees (20.60 and 24.20 bees/ min.) were observed on October 2nd and September 22nd in the fall seasons of 2018 and 2019, respectively. However, the bees with the slowest average foraging rates (3.60 and 2.40 bees per minute) were seen on December 13th and December 16th during the fall seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, respectively. The greatest average sealed brood area was recorded at 198.60 and 128.20 square inches on the 20th and 9rd of March during the winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, respectively. The lowest average size of sealed brood area, measuring 1.40 square inches, was seen on February 24th throughout both the summer seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. Additionally, on August 22nd and 27th, respectively, the observation of 8 March was made.The highest average foraging rates of bees (20.80 and 16.20 bees/ min.) were observed on March 20th and March 9th in the winter seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, respectively. The lowest average foraging rates of bees (0.80 and 2.1 bees per minute) were observed on March 3rd and February 27th, respectively, during the summer seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The data revealed that the largest average sealed brood area, measuring 835.40 and 123 square inches, was seen on the 19th, 27th, and 14th of June during the Spring seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, respectively.The lowest average sealed brood area, measuring 209.60 and 91.20 square inches, was observed on April 1st and May 21st during the Spring seasons of 2019 and 2020, respectively. The highest average foraging rates of bees (35.80 and 32.40 bees/min.) were seen on May 31st, 2019 and May 9th, 2020, respectively. The lowest average foraging rates of bees (28.20 and 18.60 bees/min) were observed during the Spring seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, respectively.