الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction: Despite the remarkable improvements in oral health technology, the demineralization of dental hard tissues is still an issue of increasing concern. White spot lesions (WSL) are the earliest sign of dental caries. The demineralization process can be stopped by creating an environment conducive to mineral gain by various remineralizing agents. Hence the management of white spot lesions (WSL) requires non-invasive approaches such as fluoride and non-fluoride remineralization systems or sealing with resin‐based materials. Aim of the wok: Assessment of the remineralizing efficacy of Bioactive glass-chitosan and Hydroxy Apatite-Chitosan varnishes in comparison to Fluoride varnish on artificial white spot lesions. Materials and methods: Sixty extracted sound anterior human permanent teeth were selected for the study. Specimens were divided into four groups: group 1: fluoride varnish (voco), group 2: Bioactive Glass-Chitosan varnish (nano gate company), group 3: Hydroxy Apatite-Chitosan varnish (nano gate company), group 4: control (treated with remineralizing solution). Artificial carious lesions were induced by immersing all the specimens in demineralizing solution for 96 hours, then the specimens were treated with respective varnishes twice daily for 7 days. The Diagnodent reading was taken, and the surface characteristics of the enamel specimens were evaluated by SEM at baseline, after demineralization and after remineralization. Results SEM evaluation showed favorable surface changes in all the four study groups after remineralization therapy. Post remineralization, On observation, the samples demonstrated plugging of the porous defects with the resultant decrease in the cavities and micropores and re-establishment of surface integrity in all four groups. Distinct surface coatings deposited by different agents were evident. However, in comparison to other groups, samples of the nano HA group showed incomplete plugging of surface micropores and the nano-bioactive glass group showed a superior and uniform re-establishment of surface integrity. Intragroup comparison of DIAGNOdent readings showed a highly significant difference between baseline, post demineralization, and post remineralization values. However, the intergroup comparison was statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: All test agents were comparable in their remineralization potential.