الفهرس 
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Abstract
The vast expanse of our oceans harbors a remarkable diversity of life, with marine organisms playing a critical role in the health and well-being of our planet. This thesis focuses on P. thyrsoides soft coral, a fascinating creature that exemplifies marine life’s profound chemical and biological importance. By delving into the unique characteristics of P. thyrsoides, we can gain valuable insights into the intricate web of interactions that sustains marine ecosystems and, ultimately, the entire biosphere. Research suggests that the diverse secondary metabolites produced by soft corals possess a remarkable array of biological activities. Paralemnalia soft corals are a captivating group of marine invertebrates found in tropical and subtropical waters around the world.The activity of the pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-ɣ was considerably
downregulated in the hippocampal tissues by the TEE and pet. ether fraction at a concentration
of 300 mg/kg, while the anti-inflammatory markers’ activity of TGF-β and IL-10 was
considerably upregulated in the following order: total extract at a concentration of 300 mg/kg >
pet. ether fraction at concentration 300 mg/kg > diazepam > total extract at concentration 150
mg/kg > pet. ether fraction at a concentration of 150 mg/kg > the rest of the groups at a
concentration of 300 mg/kg > the rest of the groups at a concentration of 150 mg/kg when
compared to epilepsy induced group by pilocarpine. Moreover, treatment with the total extract
(300 mg/kg) caused a highly significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in the mRNA levels of Bax,
Caspase-3, and NF-kB, while exerting a significant (p < 0.0001, respectively) dose-dependent
increase in Bcl-2 gene expression. All the results are supported by histopathological examination.