الفهرس 
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Abstract
Dealing with resin composite (RC) as a restorative material is expanding day after day. However, the handling properties and adaptability of RC, especially the BF-RC and its clinical performance, are considered a continuous problem reported by a lot of dental professionals. Elevating the temperature of RC before application was found to enhance mechanical properties of the material. Throughout the review of literature, only three clinical trials studied the effect of RC preheating. However, the clinical relevance of multiple preheating cycles is still a novel idea.
All the restorations performed, did not indicate any clinical situation that recommended replacement. Although all performed restorations had Alpha and Bravo scores with good clinical performance, the non-preheated RC restorations suffered from relatively inferior clinical performance through the follow-up intervals regarding marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, and color matching when compared to preheated groups. One and ten times of preheating conducted relative better clinical performance.
The scores of the three groups through the three-time intervals were almost zero except for the first day where VAS scores were recorded with maximum score of 3 for (H0) and (H1) groups. Groups (H1) and (H10); there was no statistically significant change in hypersensitivity scores by time with P-values 0.135 and 0.368, respectively. However, for group (H0) there was a significant difference between VAS score recorded on first day and the two following time intervals.
According to the limitations of the current study, it could be concluded that:
1. All bulk-fill resin composite restorations were clinically successful with no catastrophic failure suggesting replacement or repair using different placement temperature “ room temperature and 680C”.
2. After 12-months of follow-up, the preheated BF-RC even to ten cycles did not adversely affect the clinical performance of the RC.
3. Better clinical performance regarding color matching, marginal discoloration, and marginal adaptation could be accomplished by preheating resin composite with no negative effects regarding other aspects of clinical performance.
4. After one month, the preheated BF-RC for single and ten cycles had no adverse effect on post-operative hypersensitivity.
5. Although the three tested groups were recording higher VAS scores on the first day, none of the three tested groups had VAS scores more than 3, which is highly accepted clinically, with no required interpretation.