الفهرس 
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Abstract
This review of adhesive cements retainers. However, bonding materials in compared with to be studied. the literature shows the potential of for use with direct bonded bridge the durability of these chemical a wet environment and under cycling the mechanical retentive systems are The development of a chemical etching gel system for non-precious alloys seems to simplify the etching procedure overcome the technique-sensitivity of electrolytic etching. However, the retentive capacity of chemically surfaces have not been investigated or compared with electrolytically etched surfaces. The reported success that it still has comparing with the other the macro-mechanical of work has been done. rate of the Rochette technique, a role to play and is worth retentive systems, particularly systems where only a limited amount of work has been done.