الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background : Bone healing is a complex biological process. It takes a relatively long time, may causes complications that eventually lead to a loss of man power and raised costs. Various methods have been used to accelerate bone healing including several biological and biophysical technologies. Ultrasound and electrical stimulation are two examples of the biophysical methods that have been tried. The aim of the study: is to evaluate and compare the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) with direct current electrical stimulation (DCES) on bone healing in closed rat femoral fracture. Material and methods: The right femur of 86 albino rats were fractured and randomly divided into three groups. The first group treated with LIPUS, the second group treated with DCES while the rats in the third group were left to heal spontaneously with out any line of treatment. The fracture healing in the different groups was assessed and compared at 7th, 14th, and 21st days after fracture by local pressure pain threshold, radiological and histopathological assessments. Results: Both LIPUS-treated and DCES-treated groups showed significantly higher degrees of pain reduction and radiological and histopathological bone healing scores when compared with the control group, while there were no significant differences when compared with each other at different assessment periods. Conclusion and Recommendation: Both low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and direct current electrical stimulation are efficient in pain control during early stages of fracture healing and provide promising non-invasive safe modalities that can be used as adjuvants to the routine measures used for fracture healing.