الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the work
Intrathoracic tumorsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Mediastinal and hilar masses not associated with endoscopically visible lesions, and tumors involving only bronchial submucosa are often difficult to diagnose despite the ability to obtain cytologic and histologic samples via the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Also necrotic and highly vascular tumors may not be biopsied for fear of creating further uncontrollable bleeding. Flexible transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) was recently introduced and had further expanded the diagnostic range of bronchoscopy and providing enhanced access to submucosal as well as mediastinal and hilar lesions. It is also valuable when sampling highly vascular and necrotic tumors without inducing significant haemorrahge. Not only the question of neoplasia be answered by this technique but staging in an inexpensive and non morbid way can be accomplished. TBNA safely provides specimens from N2 sites (subcarinal and paratracheal LNs) which might be approached by mediastinoscopy, mediastinotomy or thoractomy. TBNA is safe easily performed procedure that can replace more invasive procedure in both diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. i This study was aimed to evaluate the role of TBNA in the diagnosis of intrathoracic tumor as an adjuvant to other bronchoscopic techniques and to determine its role as less invasive staging procedure. It included (67) patients (39) male & (28) female with ages ranged from 20-80 years. The study was repeated in two male patient after initially suspicious results. So total number of the procedures were (69). All patients were subjected to the following: (1)Thorough medical history and full clinical examination comprising both general and local examination. (2)Radiological studies including : CXR in all cases, CAT scan was done