الفهرس 
IntrodictionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Success in penetrating keratoplasty can no longer be measured only in terms of the anatomical result and the clarity of the graft., Excessive residual astigmatism has become the most common complication of penetrating keratoplasty, that interfere with good visual acuity . . , After cataract surgery particularly with intra ocular lens inplantation, the patient become highly worried from the residual refractive error specially astigmatism that may represent the major postoperative refractive error. The first line of treatment of postoperative astigmatism was spectacles or hard contact lens. But when this optical correction was contra indicated, not indicated or refused by the patient, here surgical correction was considered,; This study was carried on 94 eyes , 64 eyes with postcataract extraction and 3 0 eyes with post keratoplasty astigmatism. Three procedures were performed 1- In presence of sutures the first line of astig matic correction was suture modulation either by selective removal of interrupted sutures, adjustment of continous sutures or by suture addition.