الفهرس 
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Abstract
Flat foot is classified according to whether the arch is relatively too flexible or too rigid, and by whether the peroneal muscles are spastic or n or’ma L« The three princ iple types are:- 1.Flexible type. 2.Rigid type. a.with normal peroneals. b.with spastic peroneals. 3.Congenita.l vertical talus. In the flexible type the longitudinal arch usually disappears only when weight is born on the foot and is often asytnptomatic but it may become painful during adolescent or later. It can be treated satisfactorily, with arch supports and corrective exercises. The rigid type may be with normal peroneals or with spastic peroneals and in treatment of it the body weight should be controlled, then active foot exercises are done and if symptoms persist operation is required. Congenital vertical talus is present at birth, and the head of the talus forms the most prominent part of the sole, and pril1minary manipulations and casts bringing the foot into equinus are helpfUl to st¬retch the extensor tendons and the skin when reduct¬ion is achieved at surgery.