الفهرس 
REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Human and experimental studies of the sphincter of Oddi have established that the sphincter is not a simple and passive smooth ” muscle portion of the biliary system; rather, it plays an active role in ?ffiodulating bile flow into the duodenum in both the fasted and the post prandial states. The sphincter of Oddi in man demonstrates ..• spontaneous phasic and perhaps peristaltic activity that affects bile flow into the duodenum. The sphincter appears to be under the control of a smooth muscle pacemaking-like regi9n in the proximal sphincter that controls the frequency and direction of propagation of the phasic contractibns. Experimental studies of the motor physiology of the sphincter of Oddi have advanced our understanding of human biliary motility and dysmotility. A subset of patients experiences biliary like pain after cholecystectomy