الفهرس 
Introduction
Non-Operative ManagementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The research attention and physiologic mechanisms associated with the anus and anal canal have only recently begun to receive much import. The anal sphincters is a complex and highly esp¬ecialized muscular and neurologic phenomenon. Preseration of the anal canal optinaly includes voluntary control de¬fecation, the ability to distinguish the quality of rectal contents and the ability to main tain. ; nocturnal continence (Wolff and Beahrs, 1984). This review includes the anatomy of the rectum, anal canal, and the anal sphincters, physiology of cont- inence and defeaea tioD. Sphincter saving operations in benign conditions which include rectal prolapse, recto vaginal fistula, villous adenoma, familial polyposis and inflammatory bowel disease.