الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is uncommon tumor in Egypt and occurs at a much lower frequency than in western countrtes although the actual incidence rate is unknown. The data presented are neither statistical nor exact ratio frequency data; they are merely an analysis of the materia1 treated in the study. 150 colorectal cancer patients were analyzed for age incidence and colon/rectal ratio. Mean age was 44 years old and about 20% of cases below 30 years old and 26% of cases above 60 years old. Colon/rectal ratio was 4:8 In this study of Forty colorectal carcinomas we investigated the prognostic value of flow cytometric ploidy and S-phase measurements together with various morphological characteristics of the tumors. Repeated measurements of 324 paraffm embedded or fresh samples from the 40 tumors demonstrate the high reproducibility of ploidy and ,S-phase analyses (r=0.97 and r=0.89 respectively). Tumor heterogeneity showing diploid and aneuploid cell population or aneuploid cell populations with various ploidy values by measuring a mean of 4.6 samples/tumor was found in 40%. While the proportion of aneuploid tumors increased significantly with grade but not with stage of the tumors, The % S-phase cells correlate with stage but not with the grade. 3 patients only showed a distal intramural spread of more than 2 cm and these patients had a bad outcome. So we can conclude that the role of 5-cm safety margin is not a fIXed statement but it can be lowered in cases of low and mid cancer rectum (low anterior resection) into 2.5 cm especially in case of early Dukes’ stage and of well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and not in advanced Dukes I stage, poorly differentiated tumors or mucoid adenocarcinoma.