الفهرس 
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Abstract
Over the last three decades anaesthesia-related mortality has probably declined but airway catastrophes continued to be well represented in all large series of anaesthesia deaths perhaps this is not surprising since airway management is central to the practice of anaesthesia, but it would indeed be pleasing to report that some new development had reduced the number.
A common cause of mortality and morbidity attributable to anaesthesia is difficult or failed intubation. If those patients in whom intubation proves difficult could be identified at the pre-operative visit, life may be saved as a result of planned use of regional techniques, or by allowing time to organize special procedures.
Unexpected difficulties or failure to intubate the trachea continue to be significant causes of anaesthetic mortality and these situations require the prompt applications of a prepared plan, so that oxygenation without aspiration is achieved.
The fundamental responsibility of an anaesthesiologist is to maintain gas exchange. In order to do this the airway must be managed in such a way that it is almost continuously patent.
Failure to maintain a patent airway for more than a few minutes results in brain damage or death.
The LMA is a useful ailway device for most adult and paediatric patients.
It is easy and a traumatic to inse11, with minimal somatic and autonomic responses from the patient.