الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND AIMOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Wound classification system was developed in the National Academy of Science(A^4S) and National Research Council ( NRC ) classified wounds ( Altemier et aL, 1984 ) into clean wounds ,clean -contaminated ,contaminated wounds and dirty or infected wounds . Gram negative enteric bacteria are especially common in abdominal wound infections , and polymicrobial infections are common under these circumstances (Horan et aL, 1992). Hospital infection control programs are designed to detect and monitor hospital - acquired (nosocomial) infections and to prevent or control their spread ( McGowan ., 1985). Pitlet and Ducel,( 1994) ,discussed the factors that are implemented in the development of surgical wound infection which included host or patient factors , intra-operative factors, operating room personnel factor , environmental , cleansing and sterilization factor. Von Gravenitz, ( 1977) and Velasco et aL, (1995) said that a solid tumor may cause obstruction , erode a mucosal surface and metastatically replace bone marrow , the resultant malnutrition , easy portal of entry and loss of leukocyte function all contribute to surgical wound infection by opportunistic microorganisms . IL-6 is released into serum in patients with surgical sepsis caused mainly by gram negative bacteria , these high levels of IL-6 are associated with fatal outcome especially with septic shock ( Cerami and Beutler,1988). IL-6 is another cytokine that appears to be the most efficient stimulator of the production of the acute phase protein by the liver. It is probably a second messenger released by macrophages , endothelial cells or fibroblast and other cells in response to TNF- a or IL-1 (3 . (Mancuso etal.,1994).