الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Parenteral nutrition should be employed for patients unable to absorb nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract, those with and patients with severe acute pancereatitis, malnourished patients. Total parenteral nutrition formulation should be carefully tailored to meet the needs of each individual The prOVIsIon of nutritional support requires calculation of basic components of the normal diet, including water, carbohydrate, fat, protein, electrolytes, vitamins, and essential trace elements. So appropriate nutritional support should provide adequate macro and micronutrients to accomplish the correct nutritional deficits, assist in wound healing, provide nutrients to fight infections, and restore ideal body The provision of TPN is considered the standard of care for many patient populations, Disease- specific considerations may require alterations in the amount of protein provided and the proportions of dextrose and fat calories.