الفهرس 
introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was conducted on 20 ESRD patients (14 males, 6 females) with age ranging from 20-50 years selected from haemodialysis (HD) unit of Nephrology and Urology Centre, Mansoura University. They have been maintained on chronic HD programs for 7-84 months. Patients have been dialyzed for 3-4 hours/ day, 3 days / week using cellulose dialyzers. In all patients, HD procedure was performed by means of native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) created in one of the upper extremities, with a blood flow maintained at least 300 ml/min without an anatomical lesion. All patients received a bolus dose of 1000 IU of heparin, followed by 1000 lU/h on the HD session. Patients receiving medications or having history of any disease affecting haemostasis or having history of thrombosis or haemorrhage within last 6 months were not included in the study. In addition, 10 apparent healthy volunteers of matched age and sex were selected to act as control group. Blood samples were taken simultaneously from venous return of AVFs, large veins of contralateral upper extrimity of HD patients , just before and after HD session, and from large antecubital veins of healthy volunteers.