الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Primary nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerular disease in children (90%); hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and heavy proteinuria characterize this disease. This heavy proteinuria could be associated with deficiency of certain growth factors (e.g. IGF-I) and some trace elements (e.g. zinc, copper, selenium, and aluminum) could be carried on albumin or others carrying proteins. The current study was performed to evaluate the level of those clements and substance carried on different proteins in primary nephrotic patients under therapy of corticosteroids, to evaluate their level either by increase or by decrease. This study was carried on 53 patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), they were selected from children admitted to Mansoura University Children Hospital and from patients who are being followed up at the Pediatric Nephrology Unit Outpatient Clinic in Mansoura University Children Hospital, classified according to response to corticosteroids, 10 healthy children of matched age and sex were included in the study as a control group. All patients were subjected to: • Determ ination of serum level oflGF - I. • Determination of serum and urine level of zinc. • Determination of serum and urine level of copper. • Determination of serum and urine level of selenium. • Determination of serum and urine level of aluminum