الفهرس 
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Abstract
40 patients of either sexes were the subject of this study. Their age ranged from 20-50 years.
They were classified into four equal groups each was composed of ten patients. The group 1 was given saline prior (0 induction while groups II ,III and IV were given tramadol in a dose of 3 mg/kg at 5 , 10 and 15 minutes respectively prior to
induction.
In all patients, anaesthesia was induced by thiopentone sodium 5-7 mg/kg. Intubation facilitated by suxamethonium I mg/kg and maintained by halothan, I % and N20 /02 (2: I), muscle relaxation by pipecronium and controlled ventillation. The haemodynamic data were taken (S.B.P , D.B.P, M.B.P.and H.R.) prior to laryngoscopy and 1,3,6 and 9 minutes after intubation.
It was observed that tramado! in a dose of 3 mg/kg given 15 minutes before intubation was effective in abolishing the cardiovascular response in intubation, whi Ie 5 and 10 minutes didn’t affect that response except for the heart rate which showed rapid attenuation of stress response .
From the present study it may be concluded that intravenous trarnadol given 15 minutes before induction of anaesthesia in a dose of 3 mg/kg was effective in alleviating the cardiovascular response during laryngoscopy and intubation. while trarnadol given 5 and 10 minutesc in a dose of 3 mg/kg was ineffective in attenuating this response in the same category of patients except for the heart rate which showed rapid attenuation of stress response.
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Conclusion
Conclusion
From the present study it may be concluded that intravenous trarnadol given 15 minutes before induction of anaesthesia in a dose of 3 mg/kg was effective in alleviating the cardiovascular response during laryngoscopy and intubation. while trarnadol given 5 and 10 minutesc in a dose of 3 mg/kg was ineffective in attenuating this response in the same category of patients except for the heart rate which showed rapid attenuation of stress response.