الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a chronic growing problem for which new ideas about the genetic basis of obesity offer hope for effective treatment. Obesity is defined as increase in fat mass and measured ideally by BMI. Body weight is determined by a balance between energy expenditure and energy intake, but this observation doesn’t itself explain obesity. Understanding of the genetic basis of obesity has a revolution in the last years, specially with the identification of a novel endocrine pathway involving leptin and leptin receptor that’s expressed in hypothalamus and so, defects in other pathways like MC4R pathway lead to obesity. Others like NPY, ghrelin, agouti all are lines in understanding the genetic basis of obesity. Regarding to syndromes including obesity e.g., Prader Willi syndrome, Cohen syndrome, Bardet Biedl syndrome have a high interest for understanding of their genetic patterns. Obesity affects health on medical background and lead to burden on CVS, GIT, psychology of the children so, the treatment of obesity has a grand interest and focus on modification of energy intake and expenditure through decreasing calorie intake and exercise programs. Behavior modification for increasing the effectiveness of obesity treatment programs. Using of drugs under trail in children and so gene therapy for treating obesity related to leptin deficiency by recombinant leptin and prevention of obesity remains an important goal.