الفهرس 
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Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm the oral mucosa. Up-till now little is known about the genetic mechanisms olved in its development.
Many reports indicated that some leukoplakias predisposed to subsequent cancer development while others are not.
The i1ability of early biochemical andlor molecular diagnostic and prognostic ‘rkers for oral leukoplakia would be of enormous value to pathologists and 2icians.
Early detection of lesions which could progress to cancer would !lluence treatment modalities and enhance survival.
Recent advances in the field of tumor suppressor genes and ixogenes have provided a tool for studying the genetic changes occurring at xTerent stages of carcinogenesis, including transition from premalignancy to i-thgnancy.
These strategies provided a motivation for the present estigation.
The incidence of H-ras and p53 gene expression was assessed in miltistage human oral carcinogenesis in order to defme the stage at which :ese two genes were altered and to determine whether a correlation exists ween them during cancer development.
Thirty-nine patients with oral leukoplakia and 57 oral SCC cases ere included in this study.
The oral SCC adjacent epithelium was available 45 cases.
Another 8 oral leukoplakia cases that subsequently developed cancer were used for molecular biology study.
All patient clinical data ere carelIilly collected. Grading of epithelial dysplasia and classification of SCC were done by histological evaluation.
Irnmunohistochemical study srng peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique was performed to : vestigate H-ras and p53 proteins expression. Molecular biology technique.