الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the work
TransplantationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: Immunodeficiency diseases are encountered in different forms, often in association with other diseases. These disease states are the consequences of impaired function in one or more components of the immune system, including B and T 1ymphocytes, phagocytes and complement system. Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic renal failure from most cases. Aim of work: To study the prevalence and different forms of chest complications in renal transplant patients. These complications are either infective e.g. pneumonia, viral infection and mycobacterial infection or non-infective e.g. posttransplant lympho-proliferative disorder, pulmonary calcification or pulmonary toxicity secondary to the use of immunosuppressive agents in renal transplant patients. Also, the objective of this thesis is to study the response to treatment of different chest diseases in relation to different patient variables (age, sex, disease duration, details of immunosuppressive drugs, and renal function). Patients and methods: This study comprised 66 renal transplant recipients, 47 males and 19 females, who were presented with pulmonary symptoms with or without radiological abnormalities. They were subjected to thorough clinical history taking, complete clinical examination, radiology examination, laboratory investigations including microbiologic diagnosis as sputum culture, sputum Z.N stain. Some patients needed other diagnostic procedures as pleural biopsy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, transbronchial lung biopsy, BAL, ?etc. Results: Microorganisms retrieved from the studied cases were bacterial, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 19.7% of cases and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 10.6% of them, TB in 12.1%, fungal infection in 3% of cases and viral infection (CMV) in 3%. There were statistically significant relation between smoking and incidence of infection pulmonary complications (P value 0.014). There was a statistically significant increase in infections complications in patients receiving sirolimus (P value 0.007) and less significant increase in infectious complications with azathioprine. There was a statistically significant increase in infections complications in patients with DM (P = 0.014). Conclusions: Renal transplant candidates are often immunosuppressed prior to transplantation from malnutrition and comorbid condition after transplantation, immunosuppressive medications further hinder the immune response which favors the reactivation and progression of infection. Early diagnosis and specific treatment are essential to successful management of pulmonary complications in renal transplant recipients.