الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Phonosurgery refers to the surgical techniques that aim primarily at the improvement of voice or pseudovoice (Von Leden et al., 1967, Kotby, 1985). ”pseudovoice ” reflects voice produced by any others vibrator instead of the vocal folds. The goal of the phonosurgical procedures is to restore the ; integrity of the vocal organ by: 1-Achieving a smooth edge of the vocal fold with a freely mobile mucosa and an optimal coaptation of the glottis. 2-Abolishing phonatory glottal gap (waste), or glottal sphincteric in competence . . 3-Restoring functional respiratory glottis while preserving vocal function (Kotby, 1995). Types of Phonosurgery: Phonosurgical procedures can include the following categories (Kotby, 1995): 1- Extirpation endolaryngeal phonosurgeries: Used to dissect or remove laryngeal lesions from the vocal folds or laryngeal area. Phonomicrosurgical techniques have been described as microflap or minimicroflap approaches (Courey et al., 1997). They take advantage of a natural surgical plane within the mostly avascular SLP, and not between the epithelium and basement membrane.