الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bilharzial associated bladder carcinoma is the most common cancer nowadays among Egyptian men. It has been reported that bilharzial infection is directly involved in chromosomal breakage in the urothelium. This damage may lead to activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes causing bladder cancer. So that, this study has been performed to determine the genes involved in the development of bilharzial associated bladder carcinoma and their relation to pathologic parameters for prognosis of bladder carcinoma. ?The study has been performed on 221 cases of bladder carcinoma associated with bilharziasis and all treated with radical cystectomy. The microscopic picture of bladder carcinoma as well as immunohistochemistry and DNA ploidy were investigated by studing the immunoreactivity of four monoclonal antibodiesusing the strepta-vidin biotin immunoperoxidase technique. Thestudy explained the significant association between P53immunoreactivity with DNA ploidy and recurrence of the tumor insquamous cell carcinoma, and with recurrence of the tumor only in bladder adenocarcinoma.