الفهرس 
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Abstract
The Thesis Talks About Thirty one adult male New Zealand rabbits weighing about 33.5 kg were used in this study. Rabbits were categorized into two main groups; 6 control and 25 experimental rabbits. The experimental group was further subdivided into 5 subgroups each contained 5 rabbits. The control rabbits were divided ones each to accompany one of each experimental subgroup and the 6th rabbit was prepared for electron microscopic study.All animals were fasted overnight before the procedures then they received intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbitone 44 mg/ kg body weight. The parotid glands of the experimental rabbits were bilaterally ductligated, using two separate 3.0 silk sutures in each duct. The control animals were shamoperated to exclude the effect of extraoral surgical incision. All animals were reanesthetized by the same way and weighted before being killed at 1, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days postligation. from this study we can conclude that: ??The clinical complications were found in the form of body weight loss, glandular weight loss, and secondary infection in the form of chronic sialadenitis as a result of stagnation of the secretions. ??The microscopical alterations in the glands varies from; hyDROPic degeneration, necrosis, shrinkage of the structural elements, vasodilatation of the engorged blood vessels with extravasated RBCs, and oedema with inflammatory infiltration in the increased interstitial spaces. All these features caused a DROP in the secretory activity and may cause xerostomia in generalized cases. ??Ductligation inhibits the normal activity of the parotid glands as it decreases both neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharides. ??Ductligation increases both collagen formation in between lobes and collagenolytic activity in between acini and ducts of the same lobe or lobule. ??Ultrastructural alterations in the glands vary from apoptosis, disintegration and necrosis of cellular components which may be phagocytosed either by macrophages or intracellular phagosomes and lysosomes. A balanced condition is established by the glandular components between secretion, leakage, and phagocytosis to decrease the pressure and to protect the remaining glandular structures against potent continuous injury caused by ligation