الفهرس 
Introduction
Stability at restOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The shoulder is designed for maximum mobility and is therefore the most common joint to develop instability . Glenohumeral joint stability depends on the integrity of the periarticular soft tissues, consisting mainly of the capsule, ligaments and surrounding muscles. Any gross alteration in the normal architecture may result in unstable articulation. Recurrent anterior shoulder instability may be from either traumatic or atraumatic etiologies. It may also refer to recurrent dislocation, or subluxation, or both depending on the force involved, the extent of the previous injuries, and the individual patient?s ligamentous laxity. Recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation is responsible for about 95% of the shoulder instability problem as a whole. In treating shoulder instability the two aims of reconstructive surgery are to restore stability and to retain mobility without pain. Several procedures satisfy both criteria and therefore remain popular; these include the MagnusonStalk, the PuttiPlatt, the Du Toit, the Bankart repair and the Bristow operations. ?Transfer of the coracoid process and its attached conjoined tendon to the anterior glenoid and fixation there with a screw was first described by Latarjet in 1954. In 1985, Helfet published his experience with similar procedure that he attributed to his mentor, Rowely Bristow. In English literature, this procedure has become known as Bristow operation and has enjoyed a measure of popularity and success . May (1970) described a modification of Bristow operation whereby the coracoid tip was secured by its cut cancellous surface to the anterior glenoid using a screw through a split in the subscapularis muscle. The effectiveness of the modified Bristow operation is achieved through the dynamic sling effect of the transferred coracoid and conjoined tendon which is an effective means of stabilizing the lax anterior capsule of the shoulder joint, the transfer also eliminates the Bankart lesion and serves to substitute the action of the incompetent inferior glenohumeral ligament in stabilizing the shoulder when abducted and externally rotated.