الفهرس 
Abstract
Indigenous knowledgeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 140 |  |  |
| | | from | 140 | | |
Abstract
The results demonstrated that there are similarities in the perception of resources between Bedouin men in Wadi Allaqi, where the livestock herding is the major source for providing wealth and food. We can see that the livelihood for Bedouin men in the 1999 study depended on the grazing on hills during winter as well as producing charcoal and they return to the lakeshore in summer. Bedouin the 2003 study, however, have been limited to smaller grazing areas for their livestock and most of them are constrained on the lakeshore around all the year. Therefore, Bedouin perception of plants species is different. Tamarix nilotica was being highly evaluated between Bedouin in the 1999 study. It seemed as an important plant in the 2003 study although it is being not very abundant now. Because they do not have any alternative as a result of drought. Similarly, Najas spp. was not known in the 1999, study but it is highly evaluated for men in the 2003 study. Grasses, although known to men in the 1999 study did not has the importance as in the 2003 study, because they were had another resources and they had the perception that the plants which growing after rain in hills is much more benefit for their sheep. The knowledge cited by men and women generally reflected their traditional role in the society. In order to understand Bedouin knowledge, it is important to know gender relations within this community. The role of women deserves special attention because women are part of the household and have to be an active partner in it. As a result of environmental changes, there has been further differentiation in the roles expected from men and women, which has led to changes in gender relations between men and women. The results also indicated that there is a need in the development projects to recognize the factors influencing the way in which Bedouin classify, use and manage their resources and address the Bedouin needs as identified by them. Solutions should not be imposed unless they have been perceived as immediately relevant by local people and which, consequently, will be sustained once the projects for development have ended. There should be concern by the scientists to incorporate different points of views for local people which might be make more effective and equitable management and to explore some interface between their knowledge and scientific knowledge.