الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Three types of small laboratoryscale algal biofilters were built up using Spirulina platensis, Chlorella ellipsoida, Scenedesmus quadricauda var. longispina and Nitzschia palea on sponge and cotton carriers and capsulated in Caalginate beads. These biofiltres were used to treat the toxicity of four of the most toxic industrial effluents in Egypt (Talkha chemical fertilizers, Sandoub oils and soap, Mahalla dyes and KafrEzzayyat salt and soda) through the bioremoval of their toxic heavy metal ions (Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg). The highest and lowest capacity of different biofilters to remove all metal ions studiedwas recorded after the first and tenth bioremoval elution cycles respectively. Even after??th bioremovalelution cycle, the efficiencies of algaecotton filters, algaespongefilters and algaealginate beads were typically above ???, ??? and ??? in removing themetal ions studied respectively. Through ten bioremovalelution cycles, the efficienciesof cotton and sponge filters to remove different heavy metal ions were generally higherthan that achieved by algaealginate beads. All algal biofilters showed high efficiencies to reduce the toxicity of all studied industrial effluents, specially, at the first and till fourth bioremovalelution cycles. Although the efficiencies of algal biofilters decreased after the tenth cycle, their efficiencies throughout these cycles were still good enough to reduce the effluent toxicity.