الفهرس 
.Materials and MethodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study aimed to throw light on the anatomy, histopathology and histochemistry of the viviparous monogeneans, namely Macrogyrodactylus clarii, M. congolensis and Gyrodactylus rysavyi, from the Nile catfish Clarias gariepinus inhabiting Demietta branch of the River Nile. The present study revealed in details the Anatomical features of M. clarii icluding the anterior adhesive apparatus, digestive system, reproductive system and the haptor. Moreover, The present study dealt with the mode of attachment and histopathological impacts of M. clarii on the gills of C. gariepinus, using paraffin wax sections haematoxylin and eosinstained sections and resinembedded, toludine bluestained sections. Phalloidin fluorescence technique, enzyme cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry in conjunction with confocal scanning laser microscopy have been used for the first time to describe the nervous and muscular systems of the viviparous gyrodactylid monogeneans M. clarii, M. congolensis and G. rysavyi. The gross spatial arrangement of muscle and associated cholinergic, peptidergic and aminergic innervations has been examined in the three monogeneans. The central nervous system (CNS) of M. clarii, M. congolensis and G. rysavyi consists of paired cerebral ganglia from which emanate three pairs of longitudinal ventral, lateral and dorsal nerve cords, connected at intervals by transverse connectives. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is represented by innervations to the alimentary system, reproductive organs, attachment organs and subtegumental muscles. The gross spatial arrangement of muscles and associated cholinergic, peptidergic and aminergic innervations has been examined. Histochemical methods were employed to study the tissue distribution of five hydrolytic enzymes in three monogeneans M. clarii, M. congolensis and G. rysavyi. These enzymes are alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, 5?nucleotidase and glucose6phosphatase. These enzymes showed a great difference in their activity among the three studied monogenean species.