الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Paper and its raw materials are susceptible with fungal infection in any stage of paper manufacture. For studying this problem, samples of stored and deteriorated documents collected from Archives in Mansoura city (Egypt), these documents were preserved for long periods (10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 years ago). More than 1188 isolates were isolated. Thirty two species belonging to fifteen genera were identified throughout this investigation namely: Alternaria , Aspergillus, Botryotrichum, Cephalosporium, Circinella, Cladosporium, Cunninghamella, Curvularia (one, Fusarium, Humicola, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Scopulariopsis and Trichoderma. Documents which preserved for 60 years ago were highly contaminated with fungi with Trichoderma lignorum and Aspergillus terreus as highly frequent species ( 83.3 and 80% ). Selection of the most biodeteriorative fungal species from the isolated species depending on capability of the tested fungal species to degrade cellulose revealed that the most biodeteriorative species were Aspergillus terreus and Trichoderma lignorum. The extracellular cellulases, CMCase, FPase and Cbase, produced of the most biodeteriorative species using Whatman filter paper No.1 as carbon source in liquid state fermentation have been studied. The activities of the three cellulases enzymes produced by the selected biodeteriorating fungal isolates were reached the maximum values after the 6th day of fermentation. It was found that, the growth rate of the selected isolates and the activities of the three cellulases enzymes gradually increased with increasing of temperature 300C, then the activity decreased up to 300C. pH 6 was the optimum pH for the growth and the cellulase production by the selected isolates. The presence of peptone was necessary for growth and cellulases production by the tested strains. For control of fungal biodeterioration of documents, five chemical compounds (Formalin, mercuric chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, naphthalene and sodium benzoate) and two essential oils of plant extracts (Lavender and garlic) were used. The most effective compound against all the tested fungal species was garlic extract as it inhibit the growth of all tested species with low concentration (16<U+00B5>l).