الفهرس 
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Abstract
combined drug formulations can offer several advantages over the corresponding monotherapies as cost-effectiveness, higher efficacy, as well as encouragement of patients to adhere to the proper drugs administration. sustained-release preparations can provide several advantages such as an optimal response, minimum side effects, a prolonged efficacy, a lower dosing frequency and lower cost compared with corresponding conventional dosage forms. oral and transdermal use of diclofenac as one of the most frequently used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may result in some side effects, particularly gastric and duodenal ulceration. thus, coadministration of cytoprotective or anti-ulcer drugs as histamine (h2)-receptor antagonists, including ranitidine hydrochloride was devised. the main objectives in this investigation were formulation and evaluation of sustained-release preparations containing a combination of diclofenac sodium and ranitidine hydrochloride employing oral and transdermal routes. the work in this thesis includes the investigation of the absorbance ratio method for the simultaneous determination of diclofenac sodium and ranitidine hydrochloride. also, formulation and in-vitro evaluation of sustained-release tablets containing a combination of diclofenac sodium and ranitidine hydrochloride were also carried out. in addition, formulation and in-vitro evaluation of transdermal delivery systems containing a combination of these drugs were studied. the obtained results revealed that the simultaneous determination of diclofenac sodium and ranitidine hydrochloride can be accomplished by a new simple valid analysis based on the absorbance ratio method of pernarowski et al. it is possible to formulate a commonly used effective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as diclofenac sodium in combination with an effective anti-ulcer as ranitidine hydrochloride in form of both directly compressed tablets and different transdermal formulations. also, the results indicated that among the studied tablets, the best one for such combination was that based on 10% eudragit rs100 alone. while, the best transdermal formula that showed a significantly enhanced percutaneous transport of both drugs was 2% carbopol gel containing 10% geraniol