الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The terms ostomy and stoma are general descriptive terms that are often used interchangeably though they have different meanings. An ostomy refers to the surgically created opening in the body for the discharge of body wastes. A stoma is the actual end of the ureter or small or large bowel that can be seen protruding through the abdominal wall.
The most common specific types of ostomies include: colostomy (temporary, permanent), sigmoid colostomy, descending colostomy, transverse colostomy, loop colostomy, ascending colostomy, ileostomy, ileoanal anastomosis, continent ileostomy and continent perineal colostomy. The term continent ostomies include the last three techniques mentioned above. Ostomies are indicated in the treatment of many problems including: immediate relief of an obstruction, protection of an anastomosis following resection of distally placed segment and inflammatory conditions such as Crohn?s disease, diverticulitis and intractable fistula inano. There are some complications associating with ostomies operations including: prolapse, retraction, necrosis of the distal end, stenosis of the orifice, hernia, bleeding, diarrhea and incontinence for stools and/or flatus. Beside the previously described complications, the psychological element of the patient with an ostomy should be dealt with as complication to be resolved. The reaction to intestinal diversion surgery varies from one individual to the other; some consider it as a problem, another group considers it a lifesaving and the last group finds it a devastating experience. The patient obtained ostomy surgery passes with many phases of psychological adaptation to overcome the psychological element. Designing surgical procedures to make the ostomies continent may help in the resolution of the psychological problems associating the ostomy operation.