الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 8 |  |  |
| | | from | 8 | | |
Abstract
Congenital anomalies are apparent in 3-4% of newborns. Their aetiology may be due to genetic and/or treatogenic factors. Their prenatan diagnosis is very important. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital anomalies can be done by invasive methods as: amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, fetal blood sampling and preimplantation genetic diagnosis or by noninvasive methods as conventional and three dimensional ultrasonography. Three dimensional ultrasonography has appeared in 1990s and its images can be obtained by one of three methods: 1 Computer processing. 2 Defocusing lens. 3 Real time ultransonic beam tracing. Advantages of threeDimensional ultrasonography are:
1 Early detection of fetal congential anomalies
2 Improved fullplanar picture of the anomaly.
3 Reacuction of scanning time and storage of information. 4 Enhancement of maternal fetal bonding. So threedimensional ultransongraphy can be used successfully in prenatan diagnosis of fetal congenital anomalies in First trimester of pregnancy and after this trimester, it is used for each organ assessment as central nervous system, thoracic and skeletal systems. Upper cardiovascular system. Also it is usefully used in volumetry. Threedimensional ultrasonography is the most superior noninvasive method in prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital anomalies.